Prevalence of anophthalmia etiological factors in patients treated in a reference center: A retrospective study.

Background: Ocular prosthesis rehabilitation has an important social, psychological, esthetic, and functional role. Congenital factors, trauma, and tumors, among others, can cause anophthalmia, and it is essential to identify the etiology to guide its prevention and treatment. Methods: The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the records of patients treated from 2013 to 2020 by the Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthesis Group, aiming to identify the prevalence of patients with anophthalmia and the etiology of their anophthalmia. After approval by the Human Research Ethics Committee, two calibrated researchers evaluated 520 records, identifying those from patients with anophthalmia. The inclusion criteria were records with complete and legible information from patients with anophthalmia and a description of their etiology. Descriptive statistics were performed, and etiological factors were categorized into trauma, congenital cause, end-stage eye disease, and tumor. Spearman's correlation was performed to verify the relation between gender and anophthalmia etiology, with a 5% significance level. Seventy-two records were included in the study. Results: It was observed that 33.4% of patients were women and 66.6% were men. The etiologies were physical trauma (52.4%), tumor (21.8%), end-stage eye disease (16.6%), and congenital cause (9.2%), and there was no correlation between gender and these etiologies (p = .301). Conclusion: Most of the cases identified were of traumatic origin, which allows the establishment of preventive and educational measures to avoid new cases of anophthalmia.

Antagonistic effect of isolated and commercially available probiotics on the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture surfaces.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Biofilms can be retained on dental prostheses leading to the development of infections. The indiscriminate use of antifungal drugs can result in the development of microorganisms that are resistant to these antimicrobial agents. Whether probiotics are a suitable alternative for reducing the prevalence of oral candidiasis is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 6 different live strains of probiotics and 2 commercially available probiotic supplements used for inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans biofilm in heat-polymerized acrylic resin denture base material and to determine whether biofilm byproducts modify the surface of specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biofilms of C. albicans were formed on acrylic resin specimens in the presence of probiotics and quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), and the surface roughness (Ra) of the specimens was assessed before and after the formation of biofilms. The CFU and roughness data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: A significant decrease in the number (CFU/mL) of C. albicans cells was found when they were cultured with 4 probiotics: B. lactis (P=.045), B. longum (P<.001), L. casei (P<.001), and L. helveticus (P<.001) and with the commercially available probiotic Prolive (P=.05). The Ra of specimens decreased after exposure to different microbial biofilms (P≤.05) except in 3 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the tested probiotics had an antagonistic effect on the growth of C. albicans, and the surface of acrylic resin was altered after exposure to biofilm byproducts.

Relation Between Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: A Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relation between the insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ recorded immediately and 6 months after implant placement). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients over the age of 18 years were selected for this study. One implant was placed per patient after tooth extraction. All implants had the same size (11.5 × 3.75 mm) and brand (Hexagonal Morse cone, DSP Biomedical). The insertion torque (Ncm) and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value) (Osstell Mentor) were used to assess the primary stability (on the day of surgery). After 6 months, resonance frequency analysis was used to assess the secondary stability of each implant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The insertion torque data were correlated with ISQ measurements by using Pearson's correlation. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between insertion torque and initial ISQ (correlation: 0.457; p = 0.022); however, no correlation was found between insertion torque and final ISQ (p = 0.308). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between the insertion torque and the initial ISQ. Therefore, the higher the insertion torque, the higher the initial ISQ (and vice versa).

Analysis of physical properties of facial silicones with different pigmentations submitted to nonthermal plasma treatment and accelerated aging.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Exposure of silicone prostheses to environmental factors can alter their properties, affecting longevity. However, whether nonthermal plasma (NTP) can prevent these alterations is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra), sorption, solubility, and color stability (ΔE00) of the MDX4-4210 and A-120 silicones, with and without NTP treatment in accordance with an independent analysis of the use of 2 pigmentations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred sixty specimens were fabricated and distributed into 16 groups (n=10) as per the silicone, pigmentation, and NTP coating. The NTP was applied, and the Ra, sorption, solubility, and ΔE00 were evaluated before and after accelerated aging. ANOVA was used, and the HSD Tukey test was applied (α=.05). RESULTS: NTP generated an increase in roughness after aging, regardless of pigmentation or silicone. A-120 silicone without NTP showed a reduction in roughness after aging, regardless of pigmentation. For sorption and solubility, the bronze pigmentation (for A-120 and MDX4-4210) presented the smallest results after NTP treatment. For MDX4-4210 with pink pigmentation and NTP, sorption decreased and solubility increased. For A-120 with pink pigmentation and NTP, sorption and solubility increased. Sorption was reduced in all situations, except for A-120 with pink pigmentation, which increased. Regardless of the silicone used, solubility was reduced after NTP for bronze pigmentation. For A-120 and MDX4-4210 with pink pigmentation and NTP, the solubility increased. For both pigmentations, the NTP treatment promoted lower color alteration only for the A-120 silicone after accelerated aging (within the acceptability threshold). CONCLUSIONS: The NTP protocol of this study, which was applied to facial silicones, generated inconsistent results between the evaluated properties. Therefore, the NTP protocol used does not seem to be ideal for the treatment of silicone surfaces after aging.

Influence of Different Pigmentations and Accelerated Aging on the Hardness and Tear Strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 Silicones.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different pigmentations and accelerated aging on the hardness and tear strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 silicones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples A-2186 and MDX4-4210 were manufactured without and with pigmentations (black, bronze, and pink). For the Shore A hardness test, 80 samples of each silicone were fabricated, and for the tear strength test, 320 samples of each silicone were fabricated. Eight groups were created for each test (n = 10). These tests were performed before and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of aging. Three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The A-2186 silicone showed higher hardness and tear strength when compared with the MDX4-4210 silicone (p < 0.05), except in the hardness of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 groups without pigmentation after 1008 hours (p > 0.05). All hardness values were between 25 and 35 units, regardless of the silicone type, period, and pigmentation (or no pigmentation). In most situations, the hardness of silicones used increased after 252 hours (p < 0.05). The nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group and all A-2186 groups showed an increase in tear strength after 252 hours (p < 0.05). For the nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group, from 252 to 1008 hours, there was no change in tear strength (p > 0.05). All pigmented MDX4-4210 groups showed no change in tear strength from 0 (initial) to 1008 hours of aging (p > 0.05). In all A-2186 groups, from 252 to 504 hours, there was a reduction in tear strength (p < 0.05), and from 504 to 1008 hours, there was an increase in tear strength (p < 0.05), except in the bronze A-2186 group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In most situations, the A-2186 silicone showed significantly higher values of hardness and tear strength than the MDX4-4210 silicone. All hardness values were considered clinically acceptable. Accelerated aging could increase, decrease, or not significantly change the hardness and tear strength of the silicones used. The results of hardness and tear strength suggest that MDX4-4210 was more influenced by the presence of pigmentation after aging.

Analysis of Color and Hardness of a Medical Silicone with Extrinsic Pigmentation after Accelerated Aging.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the color alteration and shore A hardness of a medical silicone with extrinsic pigmentation, before and after accelerated aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty samples (Silastic Q7-4735) were made with an intrinsic pigmentation. This intrinsic pigmentation was composed of a pink pigment (H-109-P, Factor II) and an opacifier (ZnO). All samples had standardized dimensions (45-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness). Half of the 20 samples manufactured subsequently received an extrinsic pigment (Tan FE-215, Factor II). Therefore, two groups were created (n = 10): Group 1, group with intrinsic pigmentation and without extrinsic pigmentation (control) and Group 2, group with intrinsic and extrinsic pigmentation. Samples were submitted to color and Shore A hardness tests, before and after 1,008 hours of aging. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Color alteration data were submitted to Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Shore A hardness data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The incorporation of the extrinsic pigment on the silicone did not affect its color (ΔE) when the two groups were compared (p = 0.232). Regarding the hardness test, the interaction between group and period did not interfere with the hardness results(p=0.599). However, the period factor showed that there was a reduction in the hardness of the silicone after aging (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, all the hardness and color results of the silicone used were clinically acceptable, regardless of the presence of extrinsic pigmentation.

Tear Strength Analysis of MDX4-4210 and A-2186 Silicones with Different Intrinsic Pigments Incorporated by Mechanical and Industrial Methods.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tear strength of MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones with different intrinsic pigments incorporated by mechanical and industrial methods, comparing nonaged and aged groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four groups were created according to the American Society for Testing and Materials D-624/type C, half nonaged and half aged (n = 10): bronze mechanical MDX4-4210, bronze industrial MDX4-4210, black mechanical MDX4-4210, black industrial MDX4-4210, pink mechanical MDX4-4210, pink industrial MDX4-4210, bronze mechanical A-2186, bronze industrial A-2186, black mechanical A-2186, black industrial A-2186, pink mechanical A-2186, and pink industrial A-2186. All specimens were submitted to tear strength analysis. Data were submitted to the ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: An increase in the tear strength values was observed only for the bronze and black MDX4-4210, comparing nonaged and aged silicones (p < 0.05), regardless of the manufacturing method. There was a difference in all comparisons between MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones with the same pigment type (p < 0.05), regardless of the manufacturing method. In all cases, there was no difference in the manufacturing method comparing the MDX4-4210 or A-2186 groups with the same pigment. CONCLUSION: Accelerated aging did not influence the tear strength in all aged A-2186 silicones and in aged pink industrial and mechanical MDX4-4210 silicones. The other MDX4-4210 groups had an increase in the results after aging. In all cases compared, the A-2186 groups had higher tear strength values than the MDX4-4210 groups. Mechanical and industrial methods can be used for silicone preparation, without changing the tear strength.

Does the Presence of a Cantilever Influence the Survival and Success of Partial Implant-Supported Dental Prostheses? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: To investigate if the presence of a cantilever influences the survival and success of partial fixed implant-supported prostheses, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, with additional analysis of the survival and marginal bone loss rates and prosthesis complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The register protocol of the review in the PROSPERO database is CRD42016052008. The MEDLINE and Scopus databases were used for an electronic search of relevant studies up to November 2016, by means of two independent reviewers. The keywords included the combinations "fixed partial denture" with "dental implants", and with "extension" or "cantilever"; and "implant-supported dental prosthesis" with "extension" or "cantilever". The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials and prospective and retrospective clinical studies in English that addressed the comparison of success and survival of the use of implant-supported fixed prostheses, with and without cantilevers. Data from the selected studies were used to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the 408 articles identified, 4 articles met the eligibility criteria. The presence of a cantilever did not compromise marginal bone loss or the survival of the prostheses. However, minor complications were encountered for the group of partial fixed prostheses without cantilevers, with a statistical difference (P = .008). CONCLUSION: Cantilevers can be used in fixed prostheses and do not interfere negatively in the survival or success of the prosthesis or the marginal bone loss. However, there are minor complications when prostheses without cantilevers, or short cantilevers, are used.

Relationship Between Implant Stability Measurements Obtained by Two Different Devices: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between two methods used to assess implant stability, investigating whether both provide similar implant stability assessments for the same clinical case. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE-PubMed and Scopus databases, without limitation of the publication period, up to November 2015. The following key words were used, with associations among them: "dental implant," "dental implants," "Osstell," "resonance frequency analysis," "implant stability quotient," "ISQ," "Periotest," "Periotest value," and "PTV." Inclusion criteria were English language, prospective, retrospective, and randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated implant stability through use of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and damping capacity analysis (DCA). The study should assess implant stability of only a specific region for all patients or discriminate results evaluated for each region if the analysis had been made in various regions; RFA and DCA should have been applied in the same implants and periods. Studies have been carefully selected, and data of interest were tabulated. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Although there was significant numerical correlation between values obtained by both methods, data showed that less than half (46%) of cases coincided in relation to implant stability classification. CONCLUSIONS: It can be considered that there is not always a consensus and standardization in the classification of implant stability related to the values obtained by RFA and DCA devices, which could create disagreements and miscommunication among dentistry professionals.